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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.
Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/etiology , Parenting , China , Burnout, PsychologicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To study the influence of family structure on depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The cluster sampling method was used to select the students from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. An online questionnaire survey was conducted using a self-made general status questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The methods including one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and the difference in childhood trauma and its mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the adolescents from nuclear families, the adolescents from three-generation lineal families had a lower risk of depression symptoms (OR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.649-0.972, P<0.05), while those from host families had a higher risk of depression symptoms (OR=4.548, 95%CI: 1.113-18.580, P<0.05). The adolescents from inter-generational families and host families had a significantly higher score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscale of emotional neglect (P<0.05). Emotional neglect played a mediating role in the influence of inter-generational families and host families on depression symptoms in adolescents.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Parents and grandparents have a certain positive effect in family structures. Separation from parents may make adolescents perceive more emotional neglect, which may increase the occurrence of depression symptoms.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Adolescent , Depression/epidemiology , Family Structure , Child Abuse/psychology , China , Anxiety/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
@#【Objective】To evaluate the efficacy of ziprasidone injection and the related influencing factors for treating agitation in schizophrenic patients based on published literature in English or Chinese. 【Methods】We searched PubMed， EMBASE， Web of Knowledge， Cochrane Library， Wanfang data， Chinese Journal Full- Text Database（CJFD），Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBMdisc）and VIP Chinese Technology Periodical Database（VIP）. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials（CONSORT）statement was used as a criterion for screening and assessing the literature. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted by using STATA. With the effect size as the dependent variable and sex，age，baseline PANSS scale total score and oral antipsychotics as the covariates ，the meta- regression model was analyzed. 【Results】The Grades of Recommendation ，Assessment ，Development and Evaluation（GRADE） approach was employed to rate the overall quality of evidence. A total of 14 studies（5 in English and 9 in Chinese）were included in meta analysis and meta regression. The samples were ，respectively，1 197 and 1 149 at baseline and after treatment. Random effect Meta analysis showed that ziprasidone injection had significant efficacy in the treatment of agitation symptoms［SMD=2.04，95%CI（1.47，2.61），P = 0.000］. Meta regression revealed that the efficacy was related to baseline PANSS scores（t = 5.57 ，P = 0.011）and oral antipsychotics（t = 4.07 ，P = 0.027），but irrelevant to age（t = 0.74，P = 0.539）and language published（t = -0.57，P = 0.625）. The efficacy was better in female patients than that in male patients （t = -2.95 ，P = 0.060）. 【Conclusion】 Ziprasidone injection has significant efficacy in schizophrenia patients with agitation symptoms and the efficacy may be enhanced in those patients with higher baseline PANSS score and added with oral antipsychotics.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of suicidal ideation with family environment and psychological resilience in adolescents.@*METHODS@#Cluster sampling was used to perform an investigation among 3 230 junior and senior high school students in Xinxiang of Henan Province, China December 2014. A general social information questionnaire, 11-Item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale(KADS-11), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Chinese version ) were used for evaluation. A multivariate logistic regression analysis and a case-control study were used to investigate the association of suicidal ideation with family environment and psychological resilience in adolescents.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 960 usable questionnaires were received. Among the 2 960 adolescents, 247 (8.50%) had suicidal ideation (98 boys and 149 girls). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age and sex, single-parent/remarried family was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=2.655). Suicidal ideation in boys was negatively correlated with family cohesion (OR=0.750, P<0.001) and organization (OR=0.855, P=0.036) and was positively correlated with family conflict (OR=1.159, P=0.017). Suicidal ideation in girls were negatively correlated with family cohesion (OR=0.771, P<0.001), emotional expression (OR=0.815, P=0.001) and intellectual-cultural orientation (OR=0.915, P=0.037). The adolescents with suicidal ideation had a significantly lower total score of psychological resilience than those without suicidal ideation (P<0.05). Compared with those without suicidal ideation, the adolescents with suicidal ideation had significantly lower scores on 4 factors of the CD-RISC (ability, tolerance of negative emotions, acceptance of changes and control) (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Family cohesion is a protective factor against suicidal ideation in adolescents. Family organization in boys and family emotional expression in girls are associated with a decreased risk of suicidal ideation. Enhanced psychological resilience may help to reduce the incidence of suicide ideation in adolescents.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , China , Resilience, Psychological , Risk Factors , Students , Suicidal IdeationABSTRACT
Objective·To explore the clinical effectiveness and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly patients with depression.Methods·Searches were made in PubMed,EMBase,Web of Knowledge,CNKI,Wanfang,VIE CBMDisc databases and etc.CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.RevMan and STATA were used to do meta analysis.Results·Ten studies were included in this systematic review.The studies which used Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD,n=5) and Montgomery-(A)sberg depression rating scale (MADRS,n=3) to access depressed symptom were analyzed.Sample size was 306 and 290 before and after treatment,respectively.The depressive symptoms were significantly improved after ECT treatment estimated by either HAMD (Z=6.39,SMD=3.64,P=0.000) or MADRS (Z=15.47,SMD=2.12,P=0.000).There was no difference of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores before and after the treatment (Z=1.47,P=0.140).The incidence of adverse events of headache,confusion,drowsiness,nausea and vomiting was more than 5％.Conclusion·Depressed symptoms are significantly improved in geriatric depression after ECT.The overall cognitive impairment is not obvious,but headache and disturbance of consciousness are common.
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OBJECTIVE: Evidence of the brain network involved in cognitive dysfunction has been inconsistent for major depressive disorder (MDD), especially during early stage of MDD. This study seeks to examine abnormal cognition connectivity network (CCN) in MDD within the whole brain. METHODS: Sixteen patients with MDD and 16 health controls were scanned during resting-state using 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All patients were first episode without any history of antidepressant treatment. Both the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as individual seeds to identify CCN by the seed-target correlation analysis. Two sample t test was used to calculate between-group differences in CCN using fisher z-transformed correlation maps. RESULTS: The CCN was constructed by bilateral seed DLPFC in two groups separately. Depressed subjects exhibited significantly increased functional connectivity (FC) by left DLPFC in one cluster, overlapping middle frontal gyrus, BA7, BA43, precuneus, BA6, BA40, superior temporal gyrus, BA22, inferior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, BA4 and cingulate gyrus in left cerebrum. Health controls did not show any cluster with significantly greater FC compared to depressed subjects in left DLPFC network. There was no significant difference of FC in right DLPFC network between depressed subjects and the health controls. CONCLUSION: There are differences in CCN during early stage of MDD, as identified by increased FCs among part of frontal gyrus, parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, and BA43, BA22, BA4 with left DLPFC. These brain areas might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in MDD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Cerebrum , Cognition , Depression , Depressive Disorder, Major , Gyrus Cinguli , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prefrontal Cortex , RabeprazoleABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Few characteristic changes of linear electroencephalograph (EEG) have been reported in schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in temporal-spatial dimensional properties of EEG under different cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EEG was recorded by using EEG-1518K system and mapping system (Nihon Kohden Tomioka Corporation, Japan) in 45 schizophrenic patients and 47 healthy adults (normal control, NC) under five states: eyes closed, eyes open, mental arithmetic test with eyes closed, memory test with eyes open, and number cancellation test. Correlation dimension (D2) and point-wise correlation dimension (PD2) were calculated for all EEG analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were no significant differences of D2 and PD2 between NC and schizophrenic patients under states of eyes open and closed. (2) Compared with NC, schizophrenic patients showed decreased performance of D2 in mental arithmetic test with eyes closed and number cancellation test (mental arithmetic test with eyes closed: Nc 5.9 ± 0.6, Sch 3.0 ± 0.8; number cancellation test: Nc 6.0 ± 0.6, Sch 4.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) Schizophrenic patients also showed decrease performance of PD2 in mental arithmetic test with eyes closed, memory test with eyes open, and number cancellation test (mental arithmetic test with eyes closed: Nc 6.9 ± 0.7, Sch 4.0 ± 0.8; memory test with eyes open: Nc 6.6 ± 0.8, Sch 5.0 ± 0.9; number cancellation test: Nc 7.1 ± 0.7, Sch 4.8 ± 0.9; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Nonlinear dynamic analysis provided a new approach in clinical investigation of EEG signals. It was helpful to further understand the cerebral mechanism in schizophrenic cognitive process.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition , Physiology , Electroencephalography , Nonlinear Dynamics , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model has been proposed as an experimental model for schizophrenia. NVHL rats display impaired central nervous system (CNS) inhibition, which may lead to a phenomenon similar to P50 sensory gating deficits observed in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we investigated whether sensory gating deficits occurred in the NVHL rat as a model for schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We created the NVHL rat model using ibotenate. The P20 and N40 were measured to assess sensory response and gating in NVHL and sham rats. Epidural electrodes recorded evoked potentials (EPs), from which latencies, amplitudes, difference scores (S1-S2), and gating ratios (S2/S1) were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with sham controls, prolonged S1 N40 latency and decreased S2 N40 amplitude were detected in the NVHL group. In neither difference scores nor gating ratios, a significant difference was found between NVHL group and sham controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NVHL rats may be a valid animal model for schizophrenia. This strategy will be useful in future neurobiological studies investigating the etiology of schizophrenia.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Central Nervous System , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Hippocampus , Ibotenic Acid , Toxicity , Schizophrenia , Sensory GatingABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Reports on mood regulating circuit (MRC) indicated different activities between depressed patients and healthy controls. The functional networks based on MRC have not been described in major depression disorder (MDD). Both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus are all the key regions of MRC. This study was to investigate the two functional networks related to ACC and thalamus in MDD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen patients with MDD on first episode which never got any medication and sixteen matched health controls were scanned by 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during resting-state. The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) was used as seed region to construct the functional network by cortex section. The thalamus was used as seed region to construct the functional network by limbic section. Paired-t tests between-groups were performed for the seed-target correlations based on the individual fisher z-transformed correlation maps by SPM2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Depressed subjects exhibited significantly great functional connectivity (FC) between pgACC and the parahippocampus gyrus in one cluster (size 923) including left parahippocampus gyrus (-21, -49, 7), left parietal lobe (-3, -46, 52) and left frontal lobe (-27, -46, 28). The one cluster (size 962) of increased FC on thalamus network overlapped the precuneus near to right parietal lobe (9, -52, 46) and right cingulate gyrus (15, -43, 43) in health controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abnormal functional networks exist in earlier manifestation of MDD related to MRC by both cortex and limbic sections. The increased functional connectivity of pgACC and decreased functional connectivity of thalamus is mainly involved in bias mood processing and cognition.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Depressive Disorder, Major , Gyrus Cinguli , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , ThalamusABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Functional imaging studies indicate abnormal activities in cortico-limbic network in depression during either task or resting state. The present work was to explore the abnormal spontaneous activity shown with regional homogeneity (ReHo) in depression by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using fMRI, the differences of regional brain activity were measured in resting state in depressed vs. healthy participants. Sixteen participants firstly diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 16 controls were scanned during resting state. A novel method based on ReHo was used to detect spontaneous hemodynamic responses across the whole brain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ReHo in the left thalamus, left temporal lobe, left cerebellar posterior lobe, and the bilateral occipital lobe was found to be significantly decreased in depression compared to healthy controls in resting state of depression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abnormal spontaneous activity exists in the left thalamus, left temporal lobe, left cerebellar posterior lobe, and the bilateral occipital lobe. And the ReHo may be a potential reference in understanding the distinct brain activity in resting state of depression.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Depressive Disorder, Major , Pathology , Hemodynamics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Occipital Lobe , Pathology , Temporal Lobe , Pathology , Thalamus , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(CREB1) gene and major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We recruited 105 parent-offspring trios of Chinese descent, extracted whole blood genomic DNA, and genotyped the SNPs in rs10932201 and rs6740584 loci. Single-marker transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), pairwise SNP linkage disequilibrium(LD) and haplotype-based TDT were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant association with MDD was observed for SNPs rs10932201 and rs6740584 (P=0.1004 and P=0.4986). However, there was strong positive association between the rs10932201-rs6740584 haplotype and MDD (P=0.00003241), and both haplotypes of A-C and A-T were significantly associated with MDD (P=0.020 and P=0.00022).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rs10932201-rs6740584 haplotype of the CREB1 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MDD.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein , Genetics , Depressive Disorder, Major , Genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Haplotypes , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the curative effects of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantations on the avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 122 ANFH patients (211 coxae) treated by BMSC or PBSC transplantations were enrolled from July 2004 to December 2006. All of them were classed to different stages according to the ARCO. Control group were desired as themselves before and after treatment. The puncture of femoral artery was conducted with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and the tubes were inserted into medial femoral circumflex artery, lateral femoral circumflex artery and obturator artery with the cell suspensions were gradually poured into the arteries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The joint pain, joint functions and walking distance of 122 patients were detected for the follow-up. Compared with before treatment, the calibers thickened; vessels increased and blood velocity quickened of femoral head blood-supply artery were observed in 15 patients after 6 months checked by DSA. The reduced areas of femoral head necrosis in 8 patients indicated the new bone formation between 12 and 24 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Autologous BMSC and PBSC transplantation results in the new bone formation and improvement of ischemia in areas of femoral head necrosis at 6 months. The change of angiography was observed about 12 to 24 months after cell transplantation. The stem cell transplantation is convenient, safe and effective in the treatment of the ANFH with no adverse reaction, and can be considered as a new therapy of ANFH.</p>